To appropriate a metaphor from Isaiah Berlin, some books are foxes, skipping
playfully from idea to idea, while others are hedgehogs, patiently
developing a single argument or theme through its pages. Richard Wilkinson
and Kate Pickett's The Spirit
Level is the second kind of
book – a veritable Spiny Norman of a text – remorseless in its
patient defence of equality.
Many of
you will already be familiar with its central argument: that relative
differences in income in a society are the key factor explaining
health, social and environmental problems across the developed world.
Or, to
put it another way – unequal societies such as the US and UK have
more stress, distrust and illness compared to more income-equal
countries such as the Scandanavian nations and Japan. The
Spirit Level evidences this
at length in graph after graph, plotting different issues against
pay, slowly winding up its hedgehoggy haymaker for the intellectual
knockout blow.
If the
book sounds a bit like the ultima
ratio regum of social
democracy and the case for welfare done right, you might well have a
point. But, using Japan as an example, Wilkinson and Pickett are at
pains to say that relative equalities of income are perfectly
compatible with a social or market-driven rather than a state-led
solution. They are much more concerned with ends not means. In as far
as they prescribe at all, the authors tend to see hope as lying with
the co-operative movement and alternative forms of business.
The
Spirit Level isn't designed to win literary awards, though it's clear, accessible and ensures readers aren't scared off by
the stats. As such, I have to admit it doesn't appeal to the part of
me that responds to melodrama more than means, modes and medians.
To
progressives, it may also feel like exhaustive proof
that the Pope is indeed 99.9999999999999999% Catholic. And boy, do Wilkinson and Pickett have a scatter graph to show you about the
toilet habits of bears.
But
then, you're not the readership this book needs, are you? You get it already. Rather, this is a book for use in the winning of arguments.
A book made for making your case in political debates, in councils and ministries and for strengthening policy reports. A book to give to your economically libertarian but socially liberal friends to show them that, at the very least, the invisible hand doesn't create healthy societies of its own accord.
A book which girds the bleeding heart in math before going to battle.
And as such, a book which will ultimately be judged by its impact on the world rather than on your shelves.